热搜！我国女性终身无孩率接近10%！原因是......
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女性终身无孩率快速上升 </strong>
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据央视新闻报道，当前，<span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 1px;">年轻一代婚育观念正在发生改变，家庭规模小型化趋势日益明显。</strong></span>2020年，我国平均家庭户规模降至2.62人，较2010年减少了0.48人。家庭观念变化带来的延迟婚育、不婚不育，成为我国生育水平下行的最主要因素。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></p></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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全国适龄人口初婚年龄不断推迟，女性平均初婚年龄从20世纪80年代的22岁持续上升至2020年的26.3岁，初育年龄推迟到27.2岁。 </span>
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育龄妇女生育意愿持续走低，2021年平均打算生育子女数为1.64个，低于2017年的1.76个和2019年的1.73个，而作为生育主体的“90后”“00后”仅为1.54个和1.48个。 </span>
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女性现有子女数由2019年的1.63下降到2022年的1.19。<span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 1px;">女性终身无孩率快速上升，2015年为6.1%，2020年接近10%。 </strong>
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职场女性事业与生育难平衡</strong></span></section></section></section></section><h1 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;">
<br style="letter-spacing: 1px;"/><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">生育向来都是一道女性职场难题。</span></h1><p><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></p><blockquote class="js_blockquote_wrap" data-type="2" data-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="51" data-source-title="" style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><section class="js_blockquote_digest" style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;cursor: text;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“你公公婆婆身体还好吧？”</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;cursor: text;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“你家那边的幼儿园学费贵吗？”</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;cursor: text;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“我们公司会发儿童节福利，你需要几份呢？”</span></section><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;cursor: text;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">……</span></section></section></section></blockquote><p>
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这些问题不是朋友间的寒暄，而是今年30岁的北京求职者张梅在过去半年的面试中常常被问到的问题。</span></p><p>
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根据国家现有规定，企业面试时不得询问妇女婚育情况。 </span>
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但张梅回忆，她所应聘的企业几乎都会通过旁敲侧击来得到想要的答案。 </span>
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而已婚未育者面对的招聘条件，可能更加苛刻</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.81em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——这是北京市民林华近几年参加了20多场招聘后总结出来的。她曾在面试现场多次被问及是否有生育打算，</span><span style="color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.81em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">还曾被委婉询问过是否愿意承诺3年内不要孩子。</span></strong></span></section><p><br/></p><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;cursor: text;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);line-height: 1.75em;font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;outline: none 0px !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
事实上，妇女遭遇职场生育歧视现象存在已久。智联招聘发布的《2022中国女性职场现状调查报告》显示，</span><strong><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(161, 102, 70);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">61.2%的女性在求职中被问及婚育情况，高于上一年的55.8%；38.3%的女性表示婚育影响职场前景</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。 </span>
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基于此类现象，相关法律政策为女性职工撑起“保护伞”。如：</span></section><p>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">去年修订通过、今年1月1日起实施的妇女权益保障法，将就业性别歧视纳入劳动保障监察范围。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">北京市人力资源和社会保障局近日印发《北京市人力资源社会保障行政处罚裁量基准表（涉及妇女权益保障法部分）》，明确用人单位在招录（聘）过程中，以性别为由拒绝录（聘）用妇女或者差别化地提高对妇女录（聘）用标准或因结婚、怀孕、产假、哺乳等，降低女职工的工资和福利待遇等行为，最高可处五万元罚款。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">《深圳经济特区性别平等促进条例》第十六条明确了用人单位在招聘、录用人员时，除国家法律另有规定外，不得设置性别要求，不得以性别、婚姻、生育等为理由拒绝招录某一性别或者提高某一性别的招录标准。但是根据性别比例平衡指导意见以及有关法律、法规的规定对某一性别采取优先、优惠措施的除外。 </span></p>
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违反前款规定的，由人力资源和社会保障部门责令限期改正；逾期拒不改正的，处三千元以上三万元以下的罚款。</span>
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</section><p style="text-align: center;"><strong style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(161, 102, 70);">……</span></strong></p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);vertical-align: inherit;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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此外，对于怀孕与刚生产完的女职工的各项权益和福利保障，我国的法律也是相对完善的。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);vertical-align: inherit;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.5em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="120957" style="letter-spacing: 1px;">
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">《女职工劳动保护特别规定》规定，怀孕女职工在劳动时间内进行产前检查，所需时间计入劳动时间；女职工生育享受98天产假，其中产前可以休假15天，难产的或生育多胞胎的，产假时间还可增加。 </span></p>
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对怀孕7个月以上的女职工，用人单位不得延长劳动时间或者安排夜班劳动，并应当在劳动时间内安排一定的休息时间；对哺乳未满1周岁婴儿的女职工，用人单位不得延长劳动时间或者安排夜班劳动，等等。</span>
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但即使有这些明文规定，有的企业却未给予女性足够的保障，职工的维权成本很高，而企业的违法成本很低。</span></h1><p><br/></p><section style="text-align: justify;max-inline-size: 100%;outline: 0px;cursor: text;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 18px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
在这种前提下，有媒体建议，</span><span style="color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">地方监管部门在严格执法的同时，应该畅通监管渠道</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，为女性员工提供更加便捷的投诉、举报、申诉的渠道。此外，</span><span style="color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">工会、妇女组织等，也应该站出来为她们撑腰 </span>
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。只有维权通道更畅通，女性合法权益的保障才能够真正落到实处。 </span>
</section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
中国劳动关系学院法学院副教授张丽云也给出建议：</span><span style="color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">劳动者可借助工会系统反映问题、向律师事务所寻求法律咨询、去基层法院的咨询窗口寻求帮助。 </span>
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生育是女性的天然权利，也是人类社会赖以发展的前提，面对我国人口生育率持续下降的现状，如何正确保障女性生育的合法权益，具有更现实的意义。 </span>
</section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
期盼出台更多大力有效的保障，让女性在职场更有底气！工会“娘家人”永远站在身后支持你！ </span>
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</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;">
最后，为你准备了一份</p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;">
<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">来自</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: red;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">广州市妇联近日制作发布的</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(161, 102, 70);"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;">《广州市女性生育保障指南》</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;">
<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
“十问十答”图文科普一步到位</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;">
<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">
女性职工朋友们快来“码住”学习！</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(161, 102, 70);letter-spacing: 1px;">▼</span></p><p>
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</p><section data-border="1" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br/></span></section><section data-border="1" style="text-align: right; letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源：每日经济新闻、法制日报、微博、广东省总工会</span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.singse.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_CMd" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 唔炒你算好了
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